Haj, Handicap inside the Antiquity, q
Journal of the American Chinese language Community 58: 235-forty. Heading representations from Mani otherwise Manes, c. 216-276 Ce, was talked about, that have thought of your culture listed by al-Nadim (creating c. 987 Ce) one to Mani is actually lame in both feet or perhaps in their proper feet. That community will be backed by retranslation off an expression during the the fresh new Pahlavi Denkart (step 3.two hundred, 1-13) (look for Dinkard, above), applying the name ‘broken’ or ‘crippled’ to help you Mani (look for below, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).
Right here, predicated on Michael Dols, he discussed “physical infirmities such as body conditions, lameness, paralysis, and you can deafness and private qualities including baldness, leanness, and you may ugliness
Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr bin Bahr). Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [The newest Lepers, the new Lame, the fresh Blind, together with Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) are a prolific, influential and you will notably ugly publisher having ‘goggle eyes’ (jahiz), within Basra (now into the Iraq), whose really works could have been far cited along side Arab community. ” Their aim would be to reveal that “actual infirmities and you may peculiarities do not hamper an individual off getting a fully active person in the fresh new Muslim community or bar your of essential practices. Al-Jahiz managed one bodily conditions are not personal stigmas but are exactly what are called signs and symptoms of divine blessing otherwise prefer.” (Meters Dols, 1983, Brand new leper into the Gothic Islamic society. Speculum 58: 891-916, with the p. 901) Even after his own connection with bad personal responses, al-Jahiz in another of his top-identified work, ‘The Magic out of Creation’, composed harshly regarding personal areas of deafness. Besides the deaf man or woman’s loss of musical, “Men and women are annoyed in his business in which he is an encumbrance on it. He could be struggling to hear some of the mans reports and you can conversations. Even if present it is as if the guy was indeed absent, and though real time it is because if the guy were deceased.” (quoted by the F. v., p. 159). Come across 2nd points. A new commentator cards that “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is considered the most difficult works by Jahiz, as well as topic is almost unique for the historic Arabic books. (Here doesn’t seem to be an English translation available at present).
JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Life in the Old India as Illustrated on the Jain Canons. Bombay: The Publication Team. Illness and you will treatment, and additionally certain handicaps, away from Jaina supply (pp. 178-81). People with disabilities, together with rational retardation, are excluded from joining religious instructions (194). Find Tattvartha Sutra, below; and additionally 2nd a couple of situations).
[JAINA Texts] Gaina Sutras interpreted from Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, 2 vols, (1884 and 1895), SBE twenty two & 45, Oxford: Clarendon. [The latest SBE series made use of an enthusiastic italicised ‘G’ in the place of ‘J’, for certain factors. Right here ‘Gaina’ has been reinserted on normal alphabetical purchase for convenience.] – The latest Akaranga Sutra (during the vol. I), away from probably the 5th century Ce, provided https://internationalwomen.net/tr/iranli-kadinlar/ education having an effective holy and you can harmless lives. Handicap and you will impairment arrive, elizabeth.grams. “towards the damage of one’s attitudes of one’s ear, eyes, body organs away from smelling, tasting, holding, a person becomes aware of new refuse out-of lives” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk We (2) 1]. Fruits out of wrong serves from inside the before lifetime try: “Boils and you may leprosy, consumption, falling sickness, blindness and you will firmness, lameness and you can humpbackedness, Dropsy and you will dumbness, browse! apoplexy (?) and you will eye-problem, shaking and you will crippledness, elephantiasis and you may all forms of diabetes, They are the 16 ailment enumerated inside the owed acquisition; as well as them many illnesses and wounds exist.” (I: 54) [Bk We (6) step one.] Yet best-oriented some one is always to make sure to play with inoffensive conditions whenever meeting you aren’t instance criteria. They “must not cam of those in this way: ‘He ‘s got comes or leprosy, etcetera [incorporating the newest terminology shown a lot more than]; their hand is slash, or their ft, nostrils, ear canal, lip are reduce.’ To possess as the all of the these people, verbal to help you such language, be angry, and this, given well, they have to maybe not consult with them such words.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) 2.] – This new Uttaradhyayana Sutra (in the Vol. II) including notes disability with age, “When your muscles increases dated, plus hair turns white, the power of the ears minimizes”, furthermore with the vision, nostrils, tongue, touching (II: p. 44) [chapter X]. – The newest Sutrakritanga Sutra (from inside the Vol. II) states for the passageway the new “blind-born guy” (p. 243), and you can “dudes whom walk on crutches” (p. 269). Monks hankering once matrimony was warned of your awful disablement away from that situation: are ordered from the off start till midnight from the wife, together with remainder of the nights calming babies and you can washing its nappies (pp. 275-78). Monks exactly who be a part of sensual delights are assured however even worse vexation after they die; right after which it “is created deaf-and-dumb, or blind [footnote: sometimes blind because of the delivery, otherwise positively foolish or unaware], or dumb by the beginning.” (p. 363; equivalent for the pp. 367, 430) [Bk dos (2); and you can dos (7)].